Are Open Riser Stairs Legal?
The legality of open riser stairs can vary significantly from one location to another, depending on local building codes and interpretative guidelines. Understanding these codes is essential for ensuring compliance when designing and installing stairs in residential or commercial buildings.
Understanding the Local Code
The legality of open riser stairs often hinges on how your local building department interprets the uniform construction code (UCC) in conjunction with any specific local amendments or expansions. The UCC, along with local building codes, sets the standard for safety and structural integrity of staircases in buildings.
Recent Changes in Construction Codes
The UCC recently updated its guidelines to include specific requirements for gaps in stairs. According to the latest version, if the gap between the open risers is wider than 4 inches (101.6 mm), then it is subject to the sphere test. The sphere test is a method used to ensure that there is no risk of a child's head passing through the gap and getting stuck. This requirement is based on the assumption that children are more likely to be harmed by such gaps than adults, due to their smaller size and inability to right themselves in dangerous situations.
Height and Safety Standards
In addition to the gap requirements, the UCC also specifies the maximum height a tread can be above the landing or floor. The requirement for a maximum tread height is aimed at preventing the risk of a falling injury, particularly from a height that could cause severe lower leg or ankle fractures. The specific height limit can vary, but it generally ranges from 7 to 10 inches (178 to 254 mm), depending on the local building code.
Practical Examples of Compliance
For instance, if you have an open riser stairwell with platforms and turns, as long as the rise (the vertical distance between the treads) remains under three feet (36 inches or 914 mm), you may be in compliance with the code. However, the open riser gaps must also adhere to the mandatory sphere test requirements, ensuring the gap width is no more than 4 inches.
Building Department Insights
Interestingly, when consulting with officials at the building department, there can be differing interpretations of the code. One building department official may emphasize the protection against lower leg fractures, while another might focus on the risk of toddlers falling through open riser gaps. It's important to clarify these expectations beforehand to avoid any non-compliance issues.
Conclusion
In conclusion, the legality of open riser stairs depends on a combination of local interpretation of the UCC and specific local requirements. Understanding these codes and guidelines is crucial for ensuring compliance and maintaining safety in your construction project. Always consult with your local building department for the most accurate and up-to-date information.