Introduction to Bacteria in Water Treatment
Bacteria play a crucial role in the water treatment process, aiding in the purification of both domestic and industrial waste water. This article delves into the specific bacteria used for nitrification and the various types of bacteria involved in waste water treatment.
Understanding Nitrification: Nitrosomonas and Nitrobacter
Nitrification Process: Nitrification is a multi-step aerobic process that converts ammonia into nitrate, a compound much less harmful to human health. The process is executed by two types of bacteria: Nitrosomonas and Nitrobacter.
Nitrosomonas initially oxidizes ammonia to nitrite, while Nitrobacter then converts nitrite to nitrate. This biologically driven process significantly reduces the presence of ammonia in water, making it safer for consumption and further treating.
Efficiency of Biofilter: In my previous research, I explored the efficiency of a biofilter system used for water pre-treatment. The effectiveness was high, primarily due to the presence of aerobic bacteria which are essential for the nitrification process.
Fecal Coliform as an Indicator of Sanitation
Fecal Coliform: Fecal coliform bacteria, particularly Escherichia coli (E. coli), are used as indicators of water quality and sanitation. These bacteria are part of the coliform group, a large family of gram-negative, rod-shaped bacteria that can be found in the intestines of warm-blooded animals, including humans.
While E. coli is a common household name often associated with food poisoning, its presence in water can signal the potential for other harmful pathogens. Other bacteria in the coliform group include Enterobacter aerogenes. The presence of these bacteria can indicate contamination from fecal matter and necessitate further treatment.
Types of Bacteria in Waste Water Treatment
Aerobic Bacteria: In waste water treatment plants, three main types of bacteria are employed to purify the water. Aerobic bacteria thrive in environments with ample oxygen, making them ideal for processes like the nitrification discussed earlier.
Anaerobic Bacteria: In contrast, anaerobic bacteria operate in oxygen-deficient environments, decomposing complex organic matter without requiring oxygen. These bacteria are essential in anaerobic reactors where they convert organic waste into biogas and sludge.
Facultative Bacteria: Facultative bacteria can switch between aerobic and anaerobic conditions, making them versatile for various wastewater treatment applications. They are particularly useful in hybrid systems that integrate both aerobic and anaerobic processes.
Conclusion
The effective treatment of waste water relies heavily on the use of specific bacteria, each serving a unique role in the cleansing process. Whether it is the Nitrosomonas and Nitrobacter for nitrification or the assortment of aerobic, anaerobic, and facultative bacteria for overall purification, these microorganisms are indispensable in ensuring that our water resources remain safe and clean.