Clarifying the Grammar Rule: Where Should the Question Mark Go in a Quotation?
At first glance, the statement "Perhaps it is better to not cross them out. A question mark goes before quotation marks… things out” might appear grammatically sound. However, upon closer inspection and considering the nuances of English grammar, there are several aspects to address. This article provides a detailed breakdown of the correct placement of the question mark within quotations and the broader rules of English punctuation.
Understanding the Basics of Quotation Marks
Quotation marks are essential for indicating direct speech or specific phrases within a text. They serve to encapsulate exact words that are used verbatim or are of particular significance. The correct usage of quotation marks is crucial for clarity and precision in writing.
The Debate: Where Does the Question Mark Belong?
The statement you provided contains a mix of quotation marks, question marks, and an incomplete sentence, making it a perfect example to explore the intricacies of English grammar. When a question mark appears within a quoted statement, it often creates confusion. To resolve this, we need to carefully examine the punctuation rules and apply them correctly.
Correct Punctuation Usage: The Rule of Thumb
When a question mark is placed within a quoted statement, it should be placed inside the closing quotation marks. This is the case regardless of whether the entire sentence or an excerpt within the sentence is a question. This rule ensures that the reader is clear about where the question begins and ends.
Example
Incorrect:
Peter said, "Is that correct?" and then added, "This is what I mean."
Correct:
Peter said, "Is that correct?" and then added, "This is what I mean."
The correct placement of the question mark within the quotation marks is imperative for maintaining clarity in written communication. This aligns with the standard guidelines laid out in the Purdue Online Writing Lab (OWL) and other authoritative sources on English grammar.
Additional Guidelines: When Not to Use Quotation Marks
Not all instances of direct speech or significant phrases necessitate the use of quotation marks. Consider the following examples:
1. Common Phrases and Idiomatic Expressions
Common phrases and idiomatic expressions are often not enclosed in quotation marks:
She always talks about "the good old days."
In this case, quotation marks are used to emphasize the phrase but are not necessary for everyday idioms without emphasis.
2. Unusual or Rare Expressions
For unusual or rare expressions:
He referred to himself as a "sports enthusiast."
Here, the quotation marks are used to highlight the unique way the speaker refers to himself, providing emphasis.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
Q: Is there ever a time when a question mark would go outside of quotation marks?
A: Yes, if the sentence as a whole is a question and ends with the quotation marks, the question mark should be placed after the closing quotation mark. For example:
Could you please tell me what he said, "I do not understand."
Q: How do I handle multiple questions within a single sentence?
A: Each individual question should be placed inside the quotation marks, with a question mark at the end of each complete question. For example:
What did she say, "Are we going tonight?" and "Do I have to bring anything?"
Q: Do colons and semicolons inside quotations follow the same rule?
A: Yes, colons and semicolons inside quotations should also follow the placement rules for question marks. They should be placed within the quotation marks if they are part of the quoted text.
He asked, "What is the difference between a colon and a semicolon?"
Conclusion
By adhering to the correct placement of question marks within quotations, writers can ensure their work is clear, precise, and grammatically sound. Understanding and applying these rules enhances the overall readability and professional quality of the text. For detailed guidance, consulting reliable linguistic resources such as the Oxford Guide to Plain English or consulting with a professional editor can be invaluable.