Can Commercial Airliners Use Reverse Thrusters to Back Up from the Gate?

When commercial airliners depart from airports, they are usually pushed back from the gate by special tugs. However, under certain emergency conditions, using the reverse thrusters to back up from the gate might seem tempting. In this article, we will explore the feasibility and potential risks associated with this action, drawing on expert opinions and practical scenarios.

The Concept of 'Blowback'

The term 'blowback' refers to the reverse firing of a jet engine, which can lead to dangerous conditions. It often occurs as a result of frustration among airline captains whose companies depend on contractors or FBOs for pushback services. Even the fueling of a small plane can take a long time, which seems like an eternity for a captain managing multiple flights daily.

In the past, some airlines used reverse thrusters for backing up from the gate, particularly with aircraft like the MD80 and DC-9. However, current under-wing high-bypass ratio engines pose significant risks due to ingestion of foreign object debris (FOD) and potential mechanical damage.

Feasibility and Risks

While commercial airliners are theoretically capable of reversing thrust, they typically do not use this method for several reasons:

Jet blast can cause significant damage to airport buildings and surrounding areas. Baggage systems inside the terminal could be destroyed by the jet blast. Pilots can be severely blinded, making it difficult to control the plane during the backing process. The risk of foreign object debris (FOD) being ingested by the engines is high. The potential for ground crew injuries is significant. Some smaller jets might accidentally strike the ground if brakes are applied quickly while backing.

Despite the risks, instances of reverse thruster use have occurred, especially when airlines attempted to bypass ground crews for efficiency reasons. Such actions are not only risky but also not in accordance with certification standards and airport regulations.

Official Regulations and Practices

There are stringent regulations and guidelines in place to ensure the safety of aircraft and personnel at airports. Consequently, the use of reverse thrusters for backing up from the gate is generally prohibited:

Most commercial aircraft are not certified for powerback operations. Airports and aircraft manufacturers strictly enforce regulations that prohibit the use of reverse thrusters for this purpose. Exceptions are rare and typically occur under extreme emergency conditions, such as a fire at the gate.

For safety and efficacy, commercial airliners rely on specialized pushback tugs to perform rearward movements. These tugs are maneuvered by trained professionals, ensuring a safe and controlled departure from the gate.

Conclusion

Despite the theoretical possibility, the use of reverse thrusters by commercial airliners to back up from the gate is highly impractical and riskier than the standard pushback process. While past instances may have occurred, it is not a recommended or approved method due to the significant safety concerns and regulatory restrictions.