Correct Usage of Subject-Antecedent Agreement in English: 'It is You Who Does' vs 'It is You All Who Do'

When using the phrase 'It is you who does the work' or 'It is you all who do the work,' the correct choice hinges on the referent of the pronoun 'you.' Understanding this can help in crafting clear and grammatically correct sentences.

Subject-Antecedent Agreement

The principle of subject-antecedent agreement is fundamental in English. This rule states that a subject must agree with its antecedent in number (singular or plural) and person (first, second, or third). In the case of 'you,' it can be either singular or plural, leading to different verb forms.

Singular 'You'

When 'you' refers to a single person, the verb must be conjugated in the singular form. Here, 'does' is the correct verb to use.

Correct: It’s you who does the work.

Correct: It is I who does the work (particularly when emphasizing the first person).

Incorrect: It is I who do the work.

Plural 'You All'

When 'you' refers to multiple people, the verb must be conjugated in the plural form.

Correct: It’s you all who do the work.

This construction is used to emphasize that the work is shared among a group.

Examples in Context

Single Subject: Amy and Todd

Imagine Amy and Todd discussing the division of labor.

Amy asks, 'And who does the work around here?' Todd replies, 'It is you who does the work.' as he hands her the bar rag. Amy inquires, 'Who would do the work?' where Todd corrects her by saying, 'It is you who do the work.' He clarifies, 'No would, no should, just do.' indicating the present active tense of 'to do.'

Instructions and Stories

In a set of instructions or a story, the choice between singular and plural verb forms can vary depending on the context and the emphasis of the instruction or narrative.

Instructions: It is you who do the work doesn't sound as direct as It is you who does the work when assigning a singular task. However, It is you all who do the work is appropriate when emphasizing a collective effort.

Stories: Both constructions can work in a story setting, depending on the tone and context. In a more formal or conversational setting, either could fit seamlessly.

Verb Conjugation and Tense

The present active tense of the verb 'to do' conjugates as follows:

First person singular: I do Second person singular: You do (when referring to a single person) Third person singular: He/she/it does First person plural: We do Second person plural: You do (when referring to multiple people) Third person plural: They do

By understanding these conjugations, one can accurately use the verb 'do' in a sentence.

Conclusion

Correcting subject-antecedent agreement in sentences like 'It is you who does the work' is crucial for clear communication. Whether 'you' refers to a single person or a group, choosing the appropriate verb form ensures grammatical correctness and clarity in your writing or speech.