Did Medieval Knights Fight with Shields?

The answer is yes, medieval knights did fight with shields. However, certain misconceptions persist, such as the belief that French soldiers never used shields. This article will delve into the truth behind this assertion, explore the evolution of shield designs and usage, and highlight the importance of shields in the medieval knight culture.

General Use of Shields by Medieval Knights

Contrary to popular belief, European knights in the late medieval period commonly used shields, especially in shallow ring enclosures and informal duels. Shields were a crucial aspect of a knight’s weaponry, offering both active defense and the ability to block attacks from close-range or projectile weapons. This active use of shields is far from being a modern invention; the basic concept of using a shield for defense has been around for centuries.

Types of Shields Used by Knights

The general design of shields varied significantly through different periods and regions. In the early Middle Ages, round shields were the most prevalent, while Moslem shields were predominantly round with a central boss. The Normans introduced the kite shield in the 10th century. Kite shields were round at the top and tapered at the bottom, measuring around three feet in height. These shields were particularly advanced due to their construction, comprising laminated wood, animal hide, and iron components. The design was optimized to fit the space between a horse’s neck and a knight’s thigh, and enarmes (leather straps) secured the shield firmly to the arm, significantly enhancing the knight’s ability to move and fight effectively.

The Kite Shield

The kite shield, so named for its resemblance to a kite due to its curved top and pointed base, became emblematic of Norman warfare, as evidenced by its prominent portrayal in the Bayeux Tapestry. The first illustrations of kite shields appeared as early as the 10th century, in the Gospels of Otto III, though it was not until the First Crusade that these shields gained widespread use. By the mid-12th century, the Byzantine army had completely adopted these shields, highlighting their superiority in terms of design and functionality.

Smaller Shields: The Heater Shield

For knights who needed a more manageable and versatile option, the heater shield proved ideal. These shields were smaller, often triangular in shape, suitable for both mounted and infantry combat. Despite being smaller, heater shields shared a similar construction method with kite shields, featuring several layers of laminated wood and a gentle curve. Decorative elements, such as painted patterns or animal representations, were common, serving both decorative and heraldic purposes. During the High Middle Ages, these designs evolved into systematic heraldic devices for battlefield identification.

Conclusion

Medieval knights indeed fought with shields, utilizing various designs and techniques to enhance their combat abilities. The kite and heater shields stand out as significant innovations, showcasing the ingenuity of medieval craftsmen and the strategic importance of tactical equipment. The evolution of these shields underscores the dynamic nature of medieval military technology and the enduring impact of knightly culture.