Differences in Single and Multi-Pilot Airplane Operations

All planes, regardless of the number of pilots they have, follow the same basic principles of physics. They all rely on two wings, one or more power plants, ailerons, elevator, and rudder to navigate the sky. Airplanes are essentially air flow machines that operate on the fundamental principles of aerodynamics.

However, the operational procedures and crew roles change based on the number of pilots involved. Single-pilot aircraft operate with one crew member, who takes on both flying and monitoring tasks. In contrast, multi-pilot aircraft distribute the operational duties between two or more crew members, creating a more structured and cross-verified system to ensure safety and efficiency. This multi-pilot operation involves a division of tasks, where one pilot is responsible for executing the flight maneuvers (pilot flying, or PF), while the other is responsible for monitoring the flight (pilot monitoring, or PM).

Multi-Pilot Operations and Their Benefits

Airbus and Embraer ERJ planes add an extra layer of verification through a digital display that includes a feature known as the blue memo. Similar to today's advanced GPS and glass cockpit solutions like G1000, this feature alerts the crew to important procedures and checklists. This system enhances the overall safety of the flight, providing a structured approach to operations that minimizes human error.

The roles of pilot flying and pilot monitoring are assigned through a casual method to ensure fairness among the crew members. Before each flight, the pilots typically engage in a light-hearted game of throwing dice or playing rock-paper-scissors to determine who will be the pilot flying the aircraft. In some specialized operations or airports with complex landing requirements, the captain may be specifically designated as the pilot flying. However, for most routine flights, the roles are alternated to ensure both pilots have the opportunity to experience a variety of flying conditions.

Job Responsibilities and Coordination

The division of tasks between the pilot flying and pilot monitoring is clearly defined. The pilot flying focuses on controlling the aircraft and executing the maneuvers, while the pilot monitoring is responsible for verifying that the procedures are being followed correctly and that the aircraft is in safe operating conditions. During critical phases of flight, such as approach and landing, the pilot flying will execute the procedure, but will call for the pilot monitoring to complete checklist procedures. For instance, when the pilot flying is towing the aircraft onto the runway for a landing, they might instruct the pilot monitoring to activate the appropriate checklist, such as the before landing checklist, to ensure all necessary steps are completed.

In the event that the pilot monitoring observes a discrepancy or potential issue, they are expected to assertively alert the pilot flying. If the situation escalates to an extreme, the pilot monitoring may call out "my plane," indicating that it is their responsibility to take immediate action.

Conclusion

The primary differences between single-pilot and multi-pilot operations lie in the division of responsibilities and the structured execution of flight tasks. While a single pilot can perform all necessary functions, multi-pilot operations enhance safety through cross-verification and a clear division of labor. This approach is particularly beneficial in complex flight scenarios, such as those encountered at specialized airports or during critical phases of flight.

In summary, the key to successful multi-pilot operations lies in the clear division of responsibilities, effective communication, and the mutual support between the pilot flying and pilot monitoring. By adhering to structured procedures and utilizing advanced technology, multi-pilot teams can ensure safe and efficient flight operations.