Exploring Brutalism: A Raw Concrete Architecture

What is Brutalism?

Brutalism is an architectural style characterized by raw exposed concrete, which began to develop in India in the 1950s and 1960s. This unique style of architecture has left a lasting impact on the architectural landscape, with buildings ranging from government structures to university campuses. While the term 'brutalism' may bring to mind negative connotations, it actually derives from the French term beton brut, meaning raw concrete.

The Origin and Development of Brutalism

Brutalism flourished from the 1950s to the mid-1970s, descending from the modernist architectural movement of the early 20th century. This style originated from the French word beton brut, or raw concrete. It is widely believed that architects Alison and Peter Smithson coined the term The New Brutalism when using the term.

During this period, Brutalism became prevalent, characterized by heavy masonry brick or concrete buildings. Unlike the modernist architectural movement that favored glass and lighter metal elements, Brutalism went in the opposite direction. The materials were constantly kept raw, and the forms were quite severe. Many times, fenestration was strictly controlled and even limited, giving the buildings a rough fortress-like appearance.

Notable Brutalist Architecture

Two of my favorite Brutalist architecture projects include Habitat 67, designed by Moshe Safdie, and the Central Bank of Dublin, which is suspended!

Habitat 67

Habitat 67 is a residential community complex in Montreal, Canada. Designed by Moshe Safdie in 1967, this project is considered a groundbreaking example of Brutalist architecture. Habitat 67 consists of more than 350 concrete blocks stacked in various configurations, creating a unique and intricate living space. The design is striking and innovative, offering a glimpse into the future of urban living.

Central Bank of Dublin, Ireland

The Central Bank of Ireland, located in Dublin, features a striking suspended design. While it has recently undergone restoration, the building's Brutalist facade remains iconic. The structure's imposing concrete walls and exposed design elements make it a standout example of the Brutalist movement, both in Ireland and internationally.

Summary

While often misunderstood, Brutalism is a significant architectural style that has left a lasting impression on the built environment. Its raw concrete facades and fortress-like forms have been praised for their honesty and simplicity. Whether you're a fan of its boldness or not, it's impossible to overlook the impact Brutalism has had on modern architecture.

For more information on Brutalism and its impact on modern architecture, be sure to explore the links below: