How to Differentiate Between Western Red Cedar and Salt Cedar: A Comprehensive Guide

Western red cedar (Thuja plicata) and salt cedar (Tamarix spp.) are two distinct species that differ significantly in appearance, habitat, and characteristics. Understanding the differences between these two trees is crucial for accurate identification and ecological management. This article provides a detailed guide on how to differentiate Western red cedar and salt cedar.

Botanical Classification

Western Red Cedar (Thuja plicata): This tree belongs to the coniferous family Cupressaceae and is known for its unique features. It is a valuable native species for wildlife habitat and timber.

Salt Cedar (Tamarix spp.): This shrub or small tree is a member of the tamarisk family Tamaricaceae. It is commonly found in arid and semi-arid environments and often competes with native vegetation.

Physical Characteristics

Leaves

Western Red Cedar: This tree has scale-like leaves that are flat and arranged in overlapping patterns. These leaves are typically green and release an aromatic scent when crushed.

Salt Cedar: Unlike Western red cedar, salt cedar features small, slender, needle-like leaves that are often grayish-green in color. These leaves do not possess any aromatic properties.

Bark

Western Red Cedar: The bark of Western red cedar is reddish-brown and fibrous. It tends to peel off in long strips, revealing a new layer underneath.

Salt Cedar: The bark of salt cedar is thin, grayish, and more smooth compared to the bark of Western red cedar. It does not have the same fibrous structure and peeling characteristics.

Flowers and Fruits

Western Red Cedar: Western red cedar produces small, inconspicuous cones that are round and woody. These cones mature in the fall and add to the tree's decorative appeal.

Salt Cedar: Salt cedar produces small pink or white flowers in clusters. These flowers are followed by small, fluffy seed capsules that can disperse seeds over long distances, contributing to its invasive potential.

Habitat

Western Red Cedar: This tree prefers moist, well-drained soils and is commonly found in forests near streams and wetlands in the Pacific Northwest.

Salt Cedar: Thriving in arid and semi-arid environments, salt cedar is often found in disturbed areas along riverbanks and in saline soils. Its presence can disrupt local ecosystems by competing with native vegetation.

Growth Form

Western Red Cedar: This tree can grow to be a large tree, reaching heights of 50 to 70 feet (15 to 21 meters) or more.

Salt Cedar: Salt cedar typically grows as a shrub or small tree, usually not exceeding 30 feet (9 meters) in height.

Ecological Impact

Western Red Cedar: As a valuable native species, Western red cedar supports a wide range of wildlife and is an important source of timber.

Salt Cedar: Often considered invasive, salt cedar can outcompete native vegetation and alter ecosystems. Its fast growth and ability to disperse long distances make it particularly problematic.

Conclusion

Understanding the distinct features of Western red cedar and salt cedar is essential for proper identification and management. When you encounter a tall tree with aromatic, scale-like leaves and reddish-brown fibrous bark, it is likely a Western red cedar. Conversely, if you come across a smaller shrub or tree with needle-like leaves, pink or white flowers, and smooth, gray bark, it is probably a salt cedar.

By being aware of these differences, you can contribute to ecological conservation and management efforts in your region.