How to Install a Deep Well Pump: Submersible and Jet Pumps Explained
Deep well and bore wells require specialized pumping solutions due to their depth. Two primary types of pumps are commonly used: submersible pumps and jet pumps. This article provides a detailed guide on how to install these efficient water pumping solutions.
Introduction to Deep Well and Bore Wells
Both deep wells and bore wells tap into groundwater sources located far beneath the surface of the earth. Deep wells extend over 100 feet below the surface, with some reaching depths up to 1500 feet or more, whereas bore wells are typically shallower, ranging from 30 to 200 feet.
Submersible Pumps: The Ideal Choice for Deep Well Applications
Submersible pumps are the preferred choice for deep well and bore well applications. These pumps are designed to be totally immersed in the water, eliminating the need for a long suction pipe that can become clogged with debris.
Here are the key aspects of submersible pumps:
Centrifugal Design: Submersible pumps use centrifugal force to move water. They are shielded, meaning the motor is below the water line, protecting it from moisture and wear. Practical Suction Head: The suction head for a submersible pump is typically zero since it is placed directly in the water. This allows for greater pump efficiency and better handling of the longer vertical distance. Delivery Head Capacity: The delivery head capacity depends on the depth of the well. As the depth increases, so does the delivery head and the power of the pump required.Submersible pumps contrast with ordinary centrifugal pumps, which have a maximum suction head of around 28 or 29 feet of water, including frictional losses. At standard atmospheric pressure, the suction limit is 33 feet of water. For heights above this, the suction head (the distance the pump can lift the water) reduces. Therefore, a pump with a higher delivery head should be chosen for deeper wells to ensure efficient operation.
Jet Pumps: A Secondary Option for Selected Deep Well Systems
For deep well applications where jet pumps may be used, they are typically installed at ground level and work in conjunction with an air compressor to push water into the well. Jet pumps are less efficient at deep well applications but can be a practical choice in certain scenarios.
The key components of a jet pump system include:
Air Compressor: The air compressor creates a vacuum that draws water into the pump. Diffuser: This collects the air and water and accelerates the air, creating a jet of high-velocity air that pushes water up the well. Swirl Tube: This directs the air and water mixture into the pump impeller. Motor and Pump Body: The pump body and motor work together to move the water.Installation Process for Submersible Pumps
The installation process for a submersible pump involves several steps. It is recommended to hire a professional installer, but let's break down the essential steps to give you a good idea of the process:
Prepare the Site: Clear the area around the well and make sure the ground is stable and level. Ensure there is access for a crane or other lifting equipment to lower the pump into the well. Install the Cable: Lay out the electrical cable and run it from the power source to the well. Ensure that it is properly isolated and protected from moisture. Lower the Pump: Use a crane or other lifting device to lower the pump into the well. Ensure that the pump is centered to avoid any imbalances. Protect the Motor: Some submersible pump designs come with a protective sheath that should be attached to the pump before installation. This sheath helps prevent water from entering the motor. Connect the Electrical Connections: Make sure the electrical connections are secure and safe. Grounding is essential to prevent electrical hazards. Test the System: After installation, test the system to ensure everything is working correctly. Check for leaks and verify the pump is functioning properly.Installation Process for Jet Pumps
Jet pumps have a slightly different installation process:
Prepare the Site: Clear the area around the well and ensure there is enough space for the air compressor and associated components. Install the Air Compressor: Set up the air compressor according to the manufacturer's instructions. Ensure it is level and secure. Connect the Air Lines: Run the air lines from the compressor to the diffuser. Ensure the connections are secure and properly sealed. Connect the Pump: Attach the pump to the diffuser and ensure the air and water mixture can flow freely. Connect the Power Source: Ensure the pump is connected to the electricity and that all connections are secure. Test the System: Test the entire system to ensure everything is working correctly. Check for leaks and verify the pump is functioning at the expected rate.Conclusion
Choosing between a submersible pump and a jet pump depends on the specific needs of your deep well or bore well. Submersible pumps offer unparalleled efficiency and are ideal for deeper wells, while jet pumps may be a suitable option for shallower wells or when cost is a concern.
Remember, it is always best to consult with a professional for the proper installation and operation of these systems. Proper installation and maintenance can significantly extend the life of the pump and ensure a reliable water supply for your needs.