How to Solar Power Your Home: A Comprehensive Guide
Solar power has become increasingly popular among homeowners as a means to reduce their energy costs and environmental impact. This guide covers the entire process from planning to installation, helping you make an informed decision about solar power for your home.
Estimating Your Energy Needs
The first step in solar power planning is to understand your current electricity usage. Gather your utility bills from the past year to determine your annual energy consumption. Note fixed charges such as delivery fees, which will still apply even after you switch to solar power. This data is crucial for your solar installer to determine the appropriate system size.
Utilizing Solar Mapping Tools
To assess your home's solar potential, use a free online solar mapping tool like Google's Project Sunroof. These tools provide estimates based on satellite imagery, including usable sunlight hours and suitable roof space. Ensure your roof has enough unshaded area to accommodate the necessary solar panels.
Calculating Required Roof Space
Average residential systems require about 100 square feet per kilowatt of energy. For a typical 5-kilowatt system, you need at least 500 square feet of free roof space. Remember that shaded areas are less effective for generating solar energy. Let your solar installer handle the exact calculations.
Researching Government and Utility Incentives
Explore available incentives and benefits from your utility company and local government. Look into net metering programs, which credit you for excess electricity fed back into the grid. In the USA, the federal government offers a 20-30% tax credit for solar installations, which can significantly reduce the upfront cost. State-level incentives also vary.
Hiring a Solar Installer
Locating Certified Solar Contractors
Use online directories or ask for recommendations from friends and family who have already installed solar panels. In North America, look for installers certified by the North American Board of Certified Energy Practitioners. Ensure the installer is certified and has a good track record by asking for references.
Obtaining Bids and Choosing an Installer
Contact at least three installers to get detailed estimates. Include all costs such as hardware, labor, grid connection, permits, and sales taxes. Compare bids and select a qualified installer with the best warranty and experience in your area.
Acquiring Your Solar System
Purchasing the System
Purchasing a solar system offers the best financial benefits, including tax credits and rebates. Typical costs for a 5-kilowatt system are around $17,500 before tax credits. Homeowners can also opt for maintenance plans through the installer. Financing options and loans from banks can also be explored.
Leasing a Solar System
Leasing is a viable option if you cannot afford the upfront cost. Monthly payments are typically based on electricity generated, and maintenance is handled by the leasing company. Note that you won't qualify for tax benefits. Contracts usually last 20 years, with the option to buy the system at a discounted price.
Power Purchase Agreements (PPAs)
PPAs are an alternative to leasing, offering a fixed price per kWh for solar energy. You won't be responsible for repairs or maintenance, but you won't have the option to buy the system at the end of the agreement. Costs may be slightly higher compared to leasing, but the fixed price can provide more predictability in energy expenses.
Completing the Installation
Obtaining Necessary Approvals
Check if your homeowners association (HOA) requires approval for solar installations. Additionally, ensure your landlord gives permission for installation in rented homes. Get all required permits from local jurisdictions and confirm your chosen installer handles the application process.
Signing Solar Power Contracts
Sign contracts with your utility company to connect your solar system to the grid. Understand all terms, including monthly fees for delivery and administration, and ensure you read the contract thoroughly. Your installer should handle the installation, including panel orientation and grid connection, which typically takes a few days.