Maintaining Sewer Systems: Strategies and Methods
Sewer systems are crucial infrastructure that can deteriorate over time if not properly maintained. This article delves into the strategies and methods employed to maintain sewer systems, ensuring they continue to function optimally.
On-going and Preventative Maintenance
Effective sewage system maintenance requires a proactive approach. Regular cleaning and inspection are key to ensuring the system remains operational and efficient.
Sewer Pump Stations
Sewer pump stations are regularly cleaned using high-pressure water and steam. This process entails sucking sediment and debris from the bottom of the wet well. In some instances, the pumps remain active for an extended period to remove fat and increasingly more wet wipes that would typically accumulate on the surface. This ensures that the pumps operate efficiently and clear the system of excess waste.
Manholes
Manholes are inspected frequently to check for blockages and root intrusion. This prevents potential issues before they escalate into more significant problems.
Pipe Protection
Pipes and walls can be painted to protect against hydrogen sulfide buildup. This is particularly important in areas where high levels of this gas are present, as it can corrode and damage the infrastructure. However, in cases where increased ventilation is infeasible, painting remains a viable and effective solution.
Identifying the Need for Remedial Maintenance
Recognizing when remedial measures are necessary is crucial for proactive sewage system management. Existing issues can often be identified through a combination of physical assessments and specialized testing techniques.
Overflow Monitoring
If there is an overflow onto a property, the landowner should contact the water authority immediately. This is a clear indication that there is an issue within the system that requires attention.
Flow Gauges and Inflow/Infiltration Studies
Inflow and infiltration studies use strategically placed flow gauges in the sewer system combined with rain gauges to estimate how much rainwater is entering the system. This helps identify areas that may need repair or further investigation.
Smoke Testing
Smoke testing involves injecting smoke into the sewer system to identify cracks and leaks. Stormwater can infiltrate through these points, so smoke testing can help pinpoint the exact locations of these issues.
Video Inspection (CCTV)
Using cameras to inspect pipes, this method provides detailed imagery that can be reviewed to identify faults. This technique is particularly useful for assessing the condition of pipes and documenting any necessary repairs.
Remedial Maintenance
When issues are identified, remedial measures are taken to address and rectify the problems. These measures range from simple cleaning to more extensive repairs, such as relining or building new pipes.
High-Pressure Jetting and Root Cutting
A high-pressure waterjet is used to clear blockages, while a chopping machine can cut away roots that have grown through between pipe sections. This restores the flow and prevents future blockages.
Patching and Sealing
Cracks and holes in pipes can be patched. In some cases, excavation may be necessary to access these areas, which is labor-intensive but essential for maintaining the integrity of the system.
Relining
If the pipe has extensive damage, it may be relined using a polymer. This method coats the inside of the pipe, providing a new protective layer and extending the life of the infrastructure.
Building New Pipes
In severe cases, a section of the sewer may need to be entirely replaced. A new pipe is constructed, and the old one is filled with cement. This is typically a last-resort measure, but it ensures that the system is restored to its original efficiency.
In conclusion, maintaining sewer systems is a complex and critical task. By implementing a combination of regular preventative measures and targeted remedial actions, sewage systems can be kept in optimal condition, ensuring that they serve their communities efficiently and safely.