Post-War American Soldiers in Germany: Jobs, Citizenship, and Legacy
After World War II, a significant number of American soldiers remained in Germany, either for their careers or for personal reasons. This article explores the reasons behind their stays, the challenges they faced, and the lasting impact of this unique chapter in both the history of Germany and the American expatriate community.
Staying for Citizenship and Employment
One of the most prominent examples of American soldiers who stayed in Germany was singer Bill Ramsey. Transferred to Germany, he quickly settled into life there and became a household name in the 1950s and 1960s, appearing in popular movies and music. Another notable figure was Gus Backus, who also found success in popular German music and films during the same era. Both passed away as German citizens, their stories symbolic of the cultural integration that occurred in the post-war period.
Several hundred thousand US military personnel served in Germany initially, both as an army of occupation and later to defend against potential Soviet attacks in the Cold War era. While many returned to the United States, a smaller contingent chose to remain, seeing a promising future in Germany. Many were married to German women and decided to stay, especially in the first 20-30 years after the war, when the US military presence was particularly strong.
Challenges and the Draw of Germany
The post-war Germany was in a state of devastation. Civilians were desperate for food, with many resorting to eating strays to survive. Tens of thousands of people perished due to starvation. Against such deplorable living conditions, with so much left to be rebuilt, it is understandable why some American soldiers chose to make Germany their home.
US law required servicemen to return to their state of origin after the war. However, this was often circumvented by staying in Germany, where the quality of life was better and the economy was starting to recover. The cultural shock of returning to the United States, especially for those who adapted to life in Germany, likely contributed to their decision to remain.
Legal and Social Barriers
Despite these challenges, the US military and civilian governments faced legal and social barriers to retaining soldiers in Germany. For enlisted personnel, it was possible to change their home of record, but officers were strictly required to remain in their records' state of origin. This was done to ensure that leaders in society and business would be rooted in their home regions, fostering growth and stability.
For those discharged overseas, the US government imposed strict conditions. Approximately 25,000 personnel were allowed to be discharged overseas, typically due to having found work or having married a local. However, this represented less than 1% of the total American military personnel who served in WWII.
Conclusion
The stay of American soldiers in post-WWII Germany was a complex and multifaceted phenomenon. While some soldiers were driven by love and career opportunities, others were influenced by the harsh realities of post-war life in Germany. Their stories illustrate the enduring legacy of the American military presence in Germany and the cultural impact of this unique period in history.