Reconstruction of Paris: Structure and Building Materials of Haussmann's Boulevards

Paris, as we know it today, has undergone significant transformation in the 19th century. During this period, Georges-Eugène Haussmann was appointed to undertake the ambitious project of completely reconstructing the city. This included a major overhaul of Paris's urban infrastructure, which aimed to address the city's growing population and improve health, transportation, and living conditions. Haussmann's architectural style revolutionized the cityscape, introducing uniform boulevards and elegant residential buildings that are still admired today.

Historical Context and Leadership

In 1848, when Napoleon III made his rise to power, Haussmann was already known for his adeptness in urban planning and construction. Napoleon III, adopting his uncle's name as supreme leader, saw the reconstruction of Paris as a key project to modernize the city. Haussmann was chosen by the Emperor to lead the design and construction of the boulevard network. With the goal of 'aérer, unifier et embellir', Haussmann sought to 'air out, unify and beautify' Paris by demolishing many of the historic, narrow medieval streets and introducing wide, modern boulevards.

The Architecture of Haussmann's Buildings

One of the defining features of Haussmann's architecture is the uniformity and elegance of the residential buildings built along the boulevards. Unlike the narrow, mismatched flats of medieval Paris, these new apartment buildings had communal staircases and balconies that facilitated social interaction. The exterior design followed strict guidelines, with a focus on aesthetics and functionality.

Materials and Design

The exterior of Haussmann's buildings is primarily made from a creamy-colored Lutetian limestone. This locally-sourced stone is renowned for its durability and aesthetic appeal, contributing significantly to the character of Haussmann's architecture. The height of these buildings typically ranged from 12 to 20 meters (39 to 66 feet), maintaining a proportional relationship with the boulevards and ensuring that each building does not exceed six stories. In addition to the limestone facade, the buildings feature sloped mansard roofs, angled at 45°, which not only added to the structural beauty but also maximized the vertical space.

Conclusion

The architectural legacy of Haussmann in Paris is a testament to the vision and foresight of these 19th-century planners. The boulevards and the Haussmannian style buildings they contain are central to the city's identity. While the interiors of these buildings may vary, their exteriors follow strict guidelines, creating a cohesive and elegant architectural landscape. Lutetian limestone forms the backbone of this architectural style, contributing to both the durability and the aesthetic of the buildings.