The Decline and Persistence of Plaster in Home Construction
Plaster was a ubiquitous material in home construction until the mid-20th century, providing both aesthetic appeal and exceptional durability. However, the construction landscape began to shift in the 1940s and 1950s with the rise of drywall, also known as gypsum board or sheetrock. This shift was driven by multiple factors, including cost, labor requirements, and changing housing needs. By the 1970s, drywall had largely replaced plaster in new constructions, although it still has its place in certain types of renovations and historical restorations.
Who Is 'They'?
While plaster fell out of fashion in average American homes by the 1960s, the reasons behind its decline were multifaceted. The primary factors were cost and more viable construction alternatives. Plaster requires a higher level of skilled labor, particularly for intricate details like crown molding. In contrast, drywall can be installed more quickly and efficiently, reducing the overall cost of construction and lowering the price of homes.
Where Does Paster Persist?
Despite the widespread adoption of drywall, plaster retains a presence in specific contexts, such as historical restorations and high-end custom homes. In these settings, plaster is valued for its durability and aesthetic qualities. Additionally, lath and plaster continues to be used in certain traditional buildings, including those found on Britain's National Heritage Lists, where maintaining the original finishes is crucial. The continued use of plaster and lath in such contexts is driven by both historical preservation efforts and the appreciation for traditional craftsmanship.
New Materials and Trends
The availability and cost-effectiveness of new materials like plasterboard and dry-lining boards have been significant drivers in the shift away from traditional plaster. Plasterboard becomes a far more efficient construction material than traditional lath and plaster, as it can be installed in a matter of moments compared to the hours required to set up and install laths and apply plaster.
Moreover, during World War II, the labor shortage and the urgent need for affordable housing led to a perception shift regarding drywall, which had been available for decades but was previously considered inferior. The practicality and speed of drywall made it a more attractive option in the post-war period.
Conclusion
While plaster may no longer be the default choice for home construction in the 21st century, it remains a valued material in specific contexts, particularly in historical and custom home renovations. The shift to drywall signifies a broader trend in construction, driven by technological advancements and changing socioeconomic factors, but the enduring significance of plaster in certain contexts underscores the importance of preserving both form and function in building construction.