The Muffled Truth: How Much Does a Silencer Dampen a Gunshot?
Describing a silenced gunshot as silent is perhaps a stretch; however, it is certainly an appreciable reduction in noise. Determining the exact amount of decibel reduction depends on a myriad of factors, including the type of suppressor (or silencer) used and the firearm's model and caliber. Whether you're an enthusiast looking to achieve greater sound control or a professional in the field, this article will delve into the nuances of sound suppression in firearms.
Understanding the Terminology: Silencer vs. Suppressor
The term "silencer" is a historical misnomer, coined by Hiram Maxim in the early 20th century. While it is a misnomer, it has stuck in popular culture. In modern usage, the term “suppressor” is more accurate. A suppressor reduces the muzzle flash and the sound of a gunshot, making the weapon quieter but not entirely silent. The primary function of a suppressor is to reduce the amount of noise and flash created when a firearm is discharged, thereby making it harder to pinpoint the shooter's location, a critical advantage in tactical situations.
Decibel Reduction: Expectations vs. Reality
A typical suppressor reduces the noise of a gunshot by approximately 40 decibels, bringing the noise level down from around 160 decibels to about 120 decibels. For context, this reduction is akin to moving from the front row of a Metallica concert, which is around 120 decibels, to being a hundred feet away from a Boeing 707 taking off (which can range from 130 to 150 decibels). While the noise is still quite loud, it is not ear-damaging.
Small Arms and Silencers: Practical Applications
For small arms such as carbines, the combination of a suppressor and subsonic ammunition can create a gunshot that is quiet enough that neither hearing protection nor the sound of the weapon's action cycling are necessary. You can even hear the bullet striking a target at 100 yards (91 meters), a testament to the effectiveness of modern suppressors. Contrary to popular belief, a 308 rifle generates a noise of about 165 decibels, while a good suppressor can reduce this to around 135 decibels, still louder than a jackhammer, which is a whopping 130 decibels.
Historical Examples: The Wars of Silence
During World War II, the British developed silent weapons, most notably the "Welrod" pistol and the deLisle carbine. These weapons were designed to be almost completely silent, with the impact sound of the bullet often being louder than the gunfire itself. The "Welrod" required manual cocking between shots, whereas the deLisle carbine offered a longer range and was easier to reload. In similar tactical developments, the United States produced silenced versions of the M3 "grease gun" and later adopted suppression systems for the Ingram MAC SMGs.
Conclusion: The Art of Muting the Firing Line
In summary, while a silencer will not make a gunshot entirely silent, it can significantly reduce the noise, making it much less harmful to ears and more difficult to locate the shooter. Modern suppressors achieve this through a combination of baffles, gases, and materials that absorb the shock waves and muzzle flash. Whether you're an avid shooter or a professional in the field, understanding the mechanics and capabilities of suppressors is crucial for both safety and tactical effectiveness.