In the pursuit of successfully planting a tree, it's crucial to understand the correct practices and avoid common pitfalls. Adding peat moss to secure a tree is a misconceived idea. While peat moss serves to retain moisture, its tendency to shrink when dry and swell when wet can lead to instability and even root damage. Instead, returning the native soil from the planting site and using natural soil amendments is recommended for long-term growth and stability. This article will explore the proper way to plant a tree, including the appropriate amount of soil to add and how to ensure the tree is well-supported.

Understanding the Role of Native Soil

Native soil is nature's best insulation for tree roots. Unlike soil amendments such as peat moss, it contains beneficial microorganisms and organic matter that promote healthy root development. These microorganisms, known as mycorrhizal fungi, are essential for efficient absorption of water and nutrients by the tree roots. By using native soil, you are providing an environment that supports the tree's natural growth processes.

The Importance of Unamended Soil

While soil amendments like peat moss can be beneficial in certain scenarios, they are not necessary for most tree planting situations. Adding soil amendments can actually hinder a tree's growth. Here’s why:

Root Preference: Tree roots tend to remain in the amended soil because it offers better water retention. This can create a “root ball” that restricts the tree’s ability to spread its roots into the surrounding native soil, leading to nutrient and water deficiency.

Potential for Girdling: The circular growth pattern of tree roots in amended soil can cause girdling, a condition where roots wrap around each other, cutting off nutrients and water supply and leading to the eventual demise of the tree.

Long-Term Instability: Over time, the displacement of native soil and the use of amendments can weaken the root system’s connection to the ground, making the tree more prone to toppling during storms or high winds.

Proper Tree Planting Techniques

The success of tree planting largely depends on the correct techniques. Here are the steps you should follow:

Digging the Hole: The planting hole should be approximately twice the width and the same depth as the root ball. This allows the roots to spread out easily and encourage healthy growth.

Amending the Soil (if necessary): If your native soil lacks essential nutrients, consider mixing in a balanced organic fertilizer or compost. However, avoid adding large amounts of peat moss.

Restoring Native Soil: Return the native soil you removed to fill in a small portion of the hole, allowing the tree to integrate with the surrounding soil.

Planting the Tree: Ensure the top of the root ball is level with the ground. Do not bury the trunk deeper than it was at the nursery.

Watering and Stake Support: Water deeply after planting and stake the tree if necessary to prevent it from toppling, especially in windy areas. Remove stakes after a few weeks as the tree needs to develop its own anchoring system.

Regular Monitoring: Check the tree regularly for signs of distress and provide care as needed.

Conclusion

Proper tree planting involves using native soil and understanding the nuances of soil amendments. Avoid the misuse of peat moss and other soil additives as they can harm the tree's stability and long-term health. By adhering to the guidelines outlined above, you can ensure your tree grows healthy and thrives in its new environment.