The Techniques and Gear Used by Firefighters to Combat Flames Safely
The Dangerous Nature of Firefighting
Have you ever seen the protective helmet, face masks, fire-resistant coats and pants, heavy-duty boots, and the long hose with water coming out of it? If you haven't, you've probably been living under a rock! Firefighting is a risky profession, and the dangers are real. Smoke inhalation is a common and equally hazardous risk, especially in high-rise buildings where the risks are magnified. I've had an experience where an NYFD firefighter died on me during a 5th alarm incident, which makes these risks all the more tragic.
Evolution of Firefighting Gear
Thankfully, the protective gear firefighters wear has come a long way from the canvas clothing used in the 1960s. These early uniforms provided limited protection, especially from heat. The introduction of rubberized material brought some improvement, but Dacron was a game-changer. Every 5 or 6 years, there would be new upgrades, and I’m surprised there haven’t been several improvements since my retirement. Gloves are much better now, and the off-the-shelf rubber and leather gloves of old are no comparison to the current models.
The current gear includes head protection with a balaclava, multiple layers of fire-resistant materials, boots, bunker pants, long outer cuffs, a worn Gore-Tex layer, and quilted inner linings. The coats and jackets are designed to protect the wearer, with tall collars to cover the back of the neck and Nomex flame-retardant hoods. The helmets, made of thermoplastic resin, are coupled with capes to cover the back of the head and neck. These layers are crucial in preventing burns and ensuring the safety of firefighters.
Techniques for Effective Firefighting
The techniques used by firefighters have remained relatively similar over the years. The key is staying as low as possible below the thermal layer while reading the fire and smoke to predict what is likely to happen next. A good officer should be adept at recognizing signs that a backdraft or flashover is imminent and can get his men out in time. Positive pressure can be used to control the fire, and master streams are best when a fast blackout is required.
The fortress gear and air packs play a significant role in reducing the risk of injury.
Case Study: Grow Operation Fires
During a period with a high incidence of grow operation fires, which can be dangerous and often hazardous, our strategies, tactics, and protective equipment were instrumental in ensuring safe operations. We didn't witness any serious injuries during this challenging time.
Fire-resistant clothing, helmets, and emergency equipment have all played a vital role in our ability to combat these fires effectively. Thanks to these advancements, firefighters can stay safer, respond more effectively, and ultimately save more lives.
Conclusion
Firefighting remains a hazardous profession, but the gear and techniques have evolved significantly to minimize risks. Whether it's staying low, using positive pressure, or the layers of protection in bunker gear, the goal is to stay safe and save lives. Knowing the dangers and understanding the equipment and techniques can help those in emergency services to prepare and perform their duties more effectively.