Troubleshooting a Submersible Pump with Low Amp Draw and Intermittent Water Delivery

When a submersible pump operates below its expected amp draw and delivers water intermittently, it can be vexing to diagnose and resolve. This article explores several potential causes and discusses steps to troubleshoot the problem effectively. For those who rely on a submersible pump for water supply, understanding these issues is crucial for maintaining a reliable system.

Understanding Submersible Pump Specifications and Performance

Submersible pump specifications, such as the 1.5 HP capacity you mentioned, outline the expected performance under ideal conditions. However, real-world performance can vary due to several factors. One common issue is fluctuations in water levels, which can lead to intermittent operation and reduced water delivery. This is particularly relevant if the pump's operating conditions have recently changed due to new construction or other external factors.

Fluctuating Water Levels and Dry Periods

If the water levels in your well are not stable, the pump may experience periods of dry running, also known as "air locking." This phenomenon occurs when the pump runs without water, which can cause significant wear and tear on the motor and lead to reduced amp draw. Dry running can be a consequence of the natural depletion of the water source or new construction around your well that could affect the water table.

The water level in your well is often far lower than the pump motor's depth. Therefore, a slight drop in water level can significantly impact the pump's ability to deliver water consistently. When the water level drops, the pump has to work harder to extract water, often resulting in lower amp draw and intermittent water delivery.

Operational Head and Motor Overload

Another factor to consider is the concept of head. In pump specifications, head is often quoted as the distance from the surface of the water to the desired delivery point. For a submersible pump, this is measured from the water level in the casing of the pump, not the full depth of the pump to the surface of the water. If the water level drops, the effective head will increase, placing a greater load on the motor.

If the water level drops significantly, the motor will be required to generate more force to draw water. Over time, the motor may become overworked, leading to reduced amp draw and potentially failing if this condition persists. Regular monitoring of the water level and ensuring that the pump isn't running dry is essential for maintaining optimal performance.

Potential Signs of Motor Failure

Low amp draw can also indicate a failing pump motor. As the motor ages or encounters mechanical issues, it may not draw the power it should, leading to inconsistencies in water delivery. A failing motor might show signs such as:

Reduced power output Variability in amp draw Noisy operation Heat buildup

If you notice these symptoms, it may be time to inspect the motor or consider professional maintenance. Regular maintenance can help prevent motor failure and ensure the pump runs smoothly.

Additional Troubleshooting Tips

Besides the issues discussed above, other potential causes could include:

Blockages in the intake or discharge lines Worn or damaged impellers Controls or switches malfunctioning Improper installation or alignment

To further diagnose your submersible pump, you may want to perform a few basic tests:

Check for blockages in the intake and discharge lines. Inspect the motor and impeller for signs of wear or damage. Verify that the machine is properly installed and aligned. Test the controls and switches to ensure they are functioning correctly.

By taking these steps, you can identify and address the underlying causes of your submersible pump's performance issues, ensuring reliable water delivery in your system.

Conclusion

Submersible pumps play a crucial role in many water supply systems. Low amp draw and intermittent water delivery can be significant issues that affect the overall functionality and reliability of the system. Whether due to fluctuating water levels, motor failure, or other factors, proper diagnosis and maintenance are essential to keep your pump operating efficiently. Regular monitoring and upkeep can help prevent these issues before they become major problems.