Understanding the Differences: Is the M855 Really Armor-Piercing?
Military supplies and ammunition are constantly updated to meet the demands of modern warfare. One of the frequently debated topics is the capability of the M855 cartridge, particularly whether it is truly armor-piercing. In this article, we will explore the facts surrounding the M855 and its armor-piercing capabilities, looking at the M855's design, performance, and the comparison with other armor-piercing rounds.
The M855: Designed for Tactical Operations
The M-855 is a 5.56×45mm ball cartridge that has been used extensively by NATO forces, including the United States Military. It is commonly used with the M16 and M4 series of rifles. The cartridge is known for its green tip, which distinguishes it from other rounds. The M855 consists of a copper jacket, a lead core, and a steel penetrator tip. While the M855 is often discussed in the context of armor penetration, it is important to understand its primary design and intended use.
Is the M855 Really Armor-Piercing?
The short answer is no, the M855, also known as the SS109, is not primarily designed to defeat rifle-grade armor. According to the U.S. Military and the ATF, the M855 is a conventional ball round. It does not perform well against high-hardness steel armors used in light armor applications, nor does it excel against ceramics. However, the M855 does show some effectiveness against ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) armor plates.
The Construction and Performance of the M855
The M855 is constructed with a unique two-part core. The front segment is made of medium carbon steel treated to a Rockwell hardness of 40-45, while the rear segment is lead. This construction differs from true armor-piercing rounds, whose cores are typically made of high hardness steel or tungsten carbide. The medium carbon steel core of the M855 is not designed to penetrate armor, as its hardness and length-to-width ratio do not match those required for armor-piercing capabilities.
Comparison with True Armor-Piercing Rounds
For a true understanding of the M855's limitations, it is important to compare it with other actual armor-piercing rounds. For instance, a 30-caliber M2 AP round is specifically designed for penetrating armor. This round can defeat armor plates as thick as 3/8 inches (9.5mm) of AR500 steel, a commonly used material for armor and targets. In contrast, the M855 rounds leave only tiny divots in 6mm plates, showing its limited effectiveness.
Conclusion
In conclusion, while the M855 is a highly effective round for standard tactical operations, it is not designed to penetrate armor. The misconception that the M855, or SS109, is an armor-piercing round stems from a lack of understanding of its intended use and design. For those in need of true armor-piercing capabilities, specialized rounds such as the 30-caliber M2 AP round are available and perform significantly better.
Further Reading and Resources
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