Where Does Okra Grow? A Comprehensive Guide to Planting and Harvesting
Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) is a plant cultivated in tropical, subtropical, and warm temperate regions around the world. It is widely used in the cuisines of various countries, with its origins in West Africa. Okra can thrive in a variety of climates, making it a favorite among gardeners seeking a versatile and nutritious vegetable.
About Okra
Many gardeners are discovering the range and versatility of okra as a warm-weather crop. This plant not only provides edible vegetables but also beautiful flowers. Okra is rich in vitamin A and low in calories, making it a great addition to your diet. The flower of okra resembles a hibiscus due to its belonging to the hibiscus family, a fact no coincidence in botany.
When to Plant Okra
Okra can be directly sown into the garden 3 to 4 weeks before the last spring frost. If summers are short, especially in more northern areas, start okra seeds indoors 3 to 4 weeks before the last spring frost. To encourage germination, soak seeds in warm water for a few hours before planting them about 1/2 to 1 inch deep and 12 to 18 inches apart in a row. Alternatively, you can sprout seeds overnight in tepid water to aid in faster germination.
In areas with short summers, it’s advisable to start indoors in peat pots under full light. Ensure that the covering is a 2- to 3-foot-high cold frame or grow tunnel until the weather warms up fully.
How to Plant Okra
Okra seeds are BB-pellet sized and have a hard shell. Soaking seeds in warm water can speed up germination. Plant the seeds about 1/2 to 1 inch deep, spacing them 12 to 18 inches apart. For okra transplants, space them 1 to 2 feet apart, ensuring ample room for growth. Okra plants are tall, so space out the rows 3 to 4 feet apart. Planting in this manner allows for optimal growth and minimize competition from weeds.
GROWING
Eliminate weeds when the plants are young then mulch heavily—4 to 8 inches—to prevent more weeds. Side-dress the plants with 10-10-10 aged manure or rich compost 1/2 pound per 25 feet of row. You could also apply a balanced liquid fertilizer monthly. Avoid too much nitrogen, as this can deter flowering and promote leafy growth. Learn more about soil amendments and preparing soil for planting.
When the seedlings are about 3 inches tall, thin the plants so that they are 18 to 24 inches apart. Keep the plants well watered throughout the summer months, aiming for an inch of water per week, with more in hot, arid regions. High heat can slow the growth of okra, so monitor the temperature and adjust watering accordingly. Pruning the tops of okra plants when they reach 5 to 6 feet tall will result in more side branches. Prune as needed to maintain the shape and maximize yield.
Note: Okra has large hairy leaves as well as tiny spines on its pods, both of which may cause skin irritation. Consider wearing gloves and/or long sleeves when handling. 'Spineless' types have pods that don’t present this problem. Regardless of type, irritation does not occur when you eat okra.