Why Are Stairs in UK Houses So Small?

The size of stairs in UK houses can often seem smaller compared to those in other countries. This isn't necessarily a failing of design, but rather a result of a combination of historical, cultural, and practical considerations. Here, we explore the reasons behind smaller stairs in UK houses and how they meet modern safety and space requirements.

Historical Building Practices

Many UK homes were constructed during the Victorian and Edwardian eras when space was a premium. Builders sought to maximize living space within these homes, often resulting in narrower and shorter staircases. This was a practical solution to fit more living space, but it has led to the perception of smaller stairs in modern times.

Building Regulations

UK building regulations play a significant role in determining the size of stairs. These regulations specify precise dimensions for staircase width, rise, and going depth. While these standards aim to ensure safety and accessibility, they can contribute to the perception of smaller stairs, particularly in older homes. However, these regulations are designed to ensure that staircases are safe and usable for a wide range of people, including those with disabilities.

Space Constraints

Urban areas in the UK often face limited space, leading to smaller homes. To optimize the limited living space, builders may opt for narrower or steeper stairs. Smaller spaces also mean less wasted area underneath stairs, which is crucial in compact homes.

Cultural Preferences

There may be a cultural preference in the UK for smaller, more cozy homes. This cultural influence can also shape design choices, including the size of stairs. Smaller stairs can contribute to a more intimate and compact living environment.

Modern Developments

While modern homes may have larger stairs that conform to the latest building codes, many existing homes still reflect the older smaller designs. This is because major renovations or new builds take time and are often influenced by historical precedents.

Considered Design Practices for Usable Space

Smaller space standards necessitate careful design to maximize usable space. The width of stairs can be tailored to the specific needs of clients, particularly for residential and private use. As long as the treads conform to the minimum and maximum riser/going and the stair is no steeper than 42 degrees, it is considered compliant with regulations. This balance between aesthetics and functionality ensures that stairs are both functional and safe.

Stair Dimensions and Design

In the average UK house, stairs are typically short and consist of only 11 treads. For ease of calculation, a minimum of 850mm or 2'10 inches is adequate for one person to ascend or descend a flight of stairs. This increases to a minimum of 1200mm or 3'10 inches for a communal stairway, allowing two people to pass each other in a stairwell. These dimensions are designed to optimize space and enable easy movement.

The compact nature of stairs can be traced back to historical necessity. For instance, castles had stairs between floors that were narrow enough to be easily defendable by a soldier with a sword and shield, making attacks difficult. This has led to the modern understanding of the ideal width for stairs in UK homes.

In summary, the small size of stairs in UK houses is a result of a combination of historical practices, building regulations, space constraints, cultural preferences, and modern design considerations. While these stairs may appear smaller, they are designed to meet specific safety standards and reflect both historical and cultural building practices.