Why Modern APFSDS Shells Lack Explosive Fillers: Exploring the Design Choices

Modern Armor-Piercing Fin-Stabilized Discarding Sabot (APFSDS) shells are designed to defeat armored targets primarily through their kinetic energy. This design choice eliminates the need for explosive filler, offering several advantages. Here, we will explore the key reasons why modern APFSDS rounds rely on kinetic energy alone.

The Power of Kinetic Energy Penetration

APFSDS rounds achieve their primary effect through high velocity and a small diameter penetrator typically made of dense materials like tungsten or depleted uranium. The kinetic energy generated upon impact is sufficient to penetrate armor without the need for explosive filler. This is due to the high velocity of these rounds, which can be as high as 1,600 meters per second, transforming even relatively low mass into a highly powerful impact force.

The Armor Defeat Mechanism

The design of APFSDS rounds focuses on creating a narrow high-pressure jet that can breach tank armor. This design allows for a more streamlined and aerodynamic projectile that can travel at higher speeds. The absence of explosive filler means that the round can be more easily produced and transported, reducing the risks associated with handling dangerous materials in a combat environment.

Simplified Design and Enhanced Safety

The lack of explosive components simplifies the manufacturing and handling of the shells. This not only reduces the complexity and cost of production but also increases safety during transport and storage. With fewer hazards, troops and ammunition handlers are exposed to a lower risk of accidents and incidents related to explosive materials.

Reduced Risk of Detection

Explosive fillers can sometimes make munitions more detectable. On the other hand, a solid penetrator can be more discreet in terms of radar and thermal signatures, making it harder for enemies to track or locate the incoming projectile. This reduced detectability enhances stealth and tactical advantage in modern warfare.

Improved Accuracy and Range

APFSDS rounds are designed for precision and long-range engagements. The absence of explosive filler allows for a more consistent flight path and reduced drag, enhancing accuracy and range. This is particularly important in modern battlefield scenarios where the ability to engage targets from greater distances can be a decisive tactical advantage.

Post-Penetration Effects

While APFSDS rounds do not have explosive fillers, they can still cause significant damage to internal components of a vehicle once penetration occurs. The high-speed penetrator can create a shock wave and secondary projectiles, which can further damage the target. This combination of impact and secondary effects makes APFSDS rounds highly effective in neutralizing armored threats.

Conclusion

In summary, modern APFSDS rounds rely on their kinetic energy and design to achieve armor penetration effectively, making explosive fillers unnecessary for their intended purpose. This design choice brings numerous benefits, including improved safety, enhanced accuracy, and reduced risk of detection. Understanding these aspects is crucial for anyone involved in modern artillery and armor defense strategies.