Why is Dry Cleaning Called Dry Cleaning When the Cleaning Process Is Not Dry at All?

When we hear the term 'dry cleaning,' many of us immediately think that this method of cleaning must be devoid of water. However, this could not be further from the truth. The term 'dry cleaning' stems from the fact that these methods use organic solvents instead of water for the cleaning process. This approach is particularly effective for fabrics that may be damaged by water or require special care. In this article, we will delve into the history, the use of solvents, and the benefits of dry cleaning.

Absence of Water

The primary distinction between dry cleaning and traditional washing methods is the absence of water. Instead, dry cleaning employs organic solvents, such as perchloroethylene (PERC), which are highly effective in cleaning delicate fabrics without causing damage.

Solvent Use

The most common solvent used in dry cleaning is PERC, also known as tetrachloroethylene. Other solvents include trichloroethylene, petroleum-based solvents, and hydrocarbon-based solvents. These solvents are chosen based on their ability to dissolve various types of stains, including oil-based and grease.

The cleaning process in a dry cleaning facility typically involves several steps. Once the garment is brought in, it is first checked for any large stains or spots, which may be treated with a spot remover that is water-based but compatible with the organic solvents used in the dry cleaning process. These stains are treated with a spray spotter and a special soap that is designed to mix with the water in the solvent and flush away the stain.

Less Shrinkage and Color Loss

One of the significant advantages of dry cleaning over traditional washing methods is the minimization of issues such as shrinkage and color bleeding. This is because the process avoids water exposure, which can cause these problems. Delicate fabrics, such as silk, wool, and lace, are particularly susceptible to water damage, and dry cleaning ensures that these fabrics remain in pristine condition.

Historical Context

The history of dry cleaning dates back to the early 19th century when experimenters began testing various solutions to remove dirt and grease from fabric. The first commercially successful dry cleaning processes emerged at the end of the 19th century. The term 'dry cleaning' was coined to distinguish it from traditional wet cleaning methods that used water.

In Summary

In summary, the term 'dry cleaning' refers to the fact that these methods use organic solvents instead of water to clean garments. These solvents effectively dissolve stains and remove dirt, making them ideal for delicate fabrics. The use of solvents such as PERC in the cleaning process ensures that the clothes are cleaned without the need for water, hence the term 'dry cleaning' remains apt even though the process is anything but dry.

Keywords: dry cleaning, organic solvents, cleaning process